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Least count is the smallest value any instrument can read or measure. You may hear of vernier calliper of least count 0.02 mm, which means the minimum value vernier can measure is 0.02 mm.
You can’t measure a value less than 0.02 mm with this vernier calliper.
The same thing applied to all other instruments, a usual scale of least count of 1 mm, can measure a minimum length of 1 mm only.
Vernier Caliper is a widely used linear measurement instrument with the least count of 0.02 mm. It is used to measure linear dimensions like length, diameter, depth.
Let’s discuss common Mechanical measuring instruments with their least count (Considering least count of commonly used instruments, you may find changes in special cases)
| Instruments | Least count |
|---|---|
| Vernier Caliper | 0.02 mm |
| Digital Caliper | 0.01 mm |
| Outsite Micrometre | 0.01 mm |
| Vernier Micrometre | 0.001 mm |
| Digital Micrometre | 0.001 mm |
| Vernier Depth gauge | 0.02 mm |
| Vernier Height Gauge | 0.02 mm |
| Electronic Height Gauge | 0.001 or 0.0001 mm |
| Glass scale | 0.1 mm |
| Steel scale | 1 mm |
| Bevel Protractor | 5′ (5 second) |
| Depth Micrometer | 0.01 mm |
| Digital Protractor | 0.1 degree |
| Pressure gauge | 1 bar |
| Digital Pressure gauge | 0.01 bar |
| Pressure Calibrator | 0.001 bar or 0.0001 bar |
| Laser Interferometer | 0.1 nm (nanometre) |
| Dial gauge | 0.01 mm |
| Measuring tape | 1 mm |
There is a lot more, please comment below if you are looking for the least count of any instrument.
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Learn more about torque and moment in our online course Strength of Machine
In physics, they signify the same thing but in mechanics, they hold slightly different meanings. Both have the same unit i.e. N-m but torque is a movement force whereas the moment Is a static force. Torque is used where there is rotation involved whereas moment Is used where there is no rotation.
Application of moment and torque for varied and interesting to observe. I hope everyone has played on a seesaw at least once in their life.
What if I tell you that you can keep the saw balanced by having a 120 kg person one side and a 50kg person on the other side?
It seems difficult to accept but if you place them in such a way that the lighter person is at 3m from the center and the healthy person is at 1m. They both will apply the same moment and the seesaw will be balanced.
In rural areas, people still use the concept of the moment to churn milk. By providing a torque to the handle with the help of the rope the wooden stick rotates about its axis and thus, in turn, churns the milk. Learn more about torque and moment in our online course Strength of Machine
A similar concept of torque is used in old dams where the force of the falling water rotated the water wheel. The water wheel was connected to a dynamo thus generating electricity by the principle of conversion of kinetic energy into potential energy.
Learn more about torque and moment in our online course Strength of Machine
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The International System of Units (SI)has become the fundamental basis of scientific measurement worldwide. This system is an extension and refinement of the metric system, which is more superior and convenient than other systems. It provides one basic unit for each physical quantity. So, the 7 units of measurement are follow
The basic fundamental unit of mass is “Kg”. We also measure mass in Gram, Pound, Metric ton, Stone, Microgram, Carat, etc.
The basic fundamental unit of Time is “Sec(s)”. We also express time in seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks, years, etc
The basic fundamental unit of Electric Current is “Ampere(A)”.
The amount of Substance is a dimensionless expression of the number of particles in a particle or object. The basic fundamental unit of Amount of Substance is “Mole”. The amount of substance all called material quantity.
The SI unit of Illumination is “Candela”. Candela is denoted by symbol ‘cd’. Some other units are lux, lumen, etc.
The SI unit of Distance is “Meter”. Distance also measures in mm, cm, km, yard, inch, foot, feet, etc.
The SI unit of temperature is “kelvin”, expressed as the word “K”.Temperature 0 K is known as “absolute zero.”
We use two types of scale in measuring temperature that is –
1.Relative scales [Fahrenheit (°F) and Celsius (°C)]
2. Absolute scales [Rankine (°R) and Kelvin (K)].
